The communication of a dementia diagnosis or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pivotal moment that fundamentally changes the lives of those affected, as well as their loved ones and caregivers. To provide professionals with evidence-based strategies for this sensitive task, a research team from the University of Pennsylvania has systematically evaluated 23 studies on the subject.
Patients want open disclosure
Healthcare professionals often hesitate to state the diagnosis openly so as not to distress those affected. However, the analyzed data show that over 85% of patients in memory clinics explicitly want to be informed about their cognitive status. Among cognitively healthy older adults, this figure rises to 90%. The majority view a clear diagnosis of the condition as essential for receiving support and planning for the future.
The role of patients and their relatives in the process
A central building block is the inclusion of a close person, so-called triadic communication. The study distinguishes between two approaches here: While in the collaborative model all parties involved are advised together, the dissociative approach provides for preparatory individual interviews. This approach can be particularly valuable for protecting the autonomy of the person concerned and giving relatives and loved ones a safe space for observations they might otherwise withhold due to embarrassment.
Understandable Numbers and the „Teach-Back“ Method
For understanding, the way information is presented is crucial. Instead of abstract percentages, natural frequencies should be used, such as: „Of 100 people with MCI, about 15 develop dementia within a year.“ In combination with visual aids, this significantly improves participants' recall.
Beyond pure information, emotional support plays a measurable role in mental health. Building an empathetic relationship and allowing emotions can reduce the risk of later depression and anxiety. To avoid misunderstandings, the study also recommends the „teach-back“ method: patients summarize the next steps in their own words, which has been shown to increase satisfaction with counseling.
Tip for practice: In the diagnostic conversation, specifically use the „teach-back“ method: At the end, ask the other person to summarize the most important points and next steps in their own words. This way, you ensure that no serious misunderstandings remain.
Since a dementia diagnosis also means an enormous emotional burden for relatives and loved ones, digiDEM Bavaria offers Visitor light This short online test helps caregivers and relatives to objectively assess their own burden situation and find suitable support.
Here is the link to the study: Communicating a Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Dementia.
